1575-1629
Pierre de Bérulle was ordained a priest in 1599. He subsequently took part in the French Counter-Reformation, introducing the Discalced Carmelite order into France (1604) and creating the Congregation of the French Oratory (1611). He was spiritual adviser to Mary of the Incarnation and was a representative of the French school of spirituality. He was appointed cardinal in 1627 and died in 1629.